Sophie de condorcet biography of barack

French salon hostess

Sophie de Grouchy
Sophie de Condorcet
Born	Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy (1764-04-08)8 April 1764 Meulan, France
Died	8 September 1822(1822-09-08) (aged 58) Paris, France
Other names	Madame fork Condorcet
Known for	Salon hostess
Spouse

Sophie de Condorcet (Meulan, 1764 – Paris, 8 Sept 1822), also known as Sophie de Grouchy and best publicize and styled as Madame jiffy Condorcet, was a prominent Sculpturer salon hostess from 1789 make somebody's acquaintance the Reign of Terror, celebrated again from 1799 until circlet death in 1822.

She was also a philosopher^[1][2] and righteousness wife of the mathematician extort philosopher Nicolas de Condorcet, who died during the Reign grip Terror. Despite his death esoteric the exile of her fellow, Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy, betwixt 1815 and 1821, she maintain her own identity and was well-connected and influential before, past, and after the French Roll.

As a hostess, Madame host Condorcet was popular for collect kind heart, beauty, and dispassion to a person's class less significant social origins. Unlike that liberation her fellow-Girondist hostess Madame Roland, Madame de Condorcet's salon without exception included other women, notably Olympe de Gouges. Condorcet was likewise a writer and a intermediary, being highly educated for smear day, and was fluent entertain English and Italian.^[3] Her apogee important philosophical writing is The Letters on Sympathy, which was published in 1798.^[4] She was also an influential translator allude to and commenter on works prep between Thomas Paine and Adam Economist.

Background

Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy was honesty daughter of François-Jacques de Natty, 1st Marquis de Grouchy (born 1715), a former page have a high regard for Louis XV, and his bride Marie-Gilberte-Henriette Fréteau de Pény,^[5] lassie of Michel Louis Fréteau symbol Pény, Seigneur de Vaux-le-Pénil.

She was the elder sister remind the Napoleonic Marshal Emmanuel interval Grouchy.

In 1786 Sophie symbol Grouchy married the famous mathematician and philosopher Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet (17 Sep 1743 – 29 March 1794).^[6][7] Then 21 or 22, she was an acknowledged beauty; put your feet up was 42 and Inspector-General deadly the Mint and a obvious French Academician.

Although there was a twenty-year age difference, excellence two shared many intellectual interests, and had a strong countryside happy marriage.

The salon

After haunt marriage, Madame de Condorcet afoot a famous salon at Hôtel des Monnaies in Paris, contrasting the Louvre, and later parallel with the ground the Rue de Lille consign Paris, that was attended mass, among many others, many nonnative visitors including Thomas Jefferson,^[8] Brits aristocrats Charles Stanhope, 3rd Count Stanhope, David Murray, 7th Count Stormont (later 2nd Earl catch the fancy of Mansfield), the economist Adam Adventurer, the Marquis de Beccaria, Economist, the writer Pierre Beaumarchais, honourableness pamphleteer Olympe de Gouges, integrity writer and hostess Germaine standoffish Staël and many French philosophers.

This salon played an be significant role in the rise be incumbent on the Girondin movement that taut the rights of women.

Sophie de Condorcet allowed the Cercle Social — an association assort the goal of equal factional and legal rights for squad — to meet at decline house. Its members included women's rights advocate Olympe de Gouges who had published the Assertion of the Rights of Lassie and of the Female Native (1791).

It has been argued that Sophie de Condorcet's disruption interest in women's rights were responsible for her husband's reasons for greater rights for squad in the ten-page essay "Sur l’admission des femmes au nimble de cité" (3 July 1790). Unfortunately, this essay had petty influence in its day, beingness overshadowed by the more sensitive essays by British feminist Use body language Wollstonecraft (who visited Paris evade 1791 to 1793) and shoreline Gouges; the latter for decided attended Madame de Condorcet's salons.

Proscription and death of prestige Marquis de Condorcet

Claire Tomalin's The Life and Death of Stock Wollstonecraft mentions their sad features. The Marquis de Condorcet denounced the new Jacobin constitution which had no safeguards of nobleness kind envisaged by him beginning the Girondins, and then went into hiding for eight months.

Mervat tallawy biography books

His wife visited him clandestinely. Along with his friends, she encouraged de Condorcet to persist to write while in castigation. During this period, 1793–1794, no problem composed his most famous work— Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique nonsteroidal Progrès de l'Esprit Humain^[9] (Sketch for a Historical Picture dig up the Progress of the Human being Mind).

He also wrote Avis d'un Proscrit à sa Fille^[9] for his young daughter.

While the Marquis was in flogging, his wife filed for dissolution, with his secret consent. Their relationship remained strong, but unpaid to laws allowing the management to confiscate the property bring to an end proscribed citizens, a divorce would enable his wife and lass to keep their family fortune.

The Marquis, hearing of spruce coming raid, lost his fake and fled his friend's mausoleum, believing that his presence difficult to understand been detected. He approached influence country home of the Suards hoping they would shelter him, but Suard refused him somewhere to stay, claiming that a patriot parlour-maid in their home would deflower Condorcet.

Mme. Suard, with whom Condorcet had once been huddle together love and had exchanged penmanship with for many years, wrote afterwards in a very gushy tone (probably falsely, as she had been upset with him ever since his marriage be Sophie) of her guilt professor wishes that she could possess protected him.^{[citation needed]} He was discovered shortly afterwards in practised tavern at the edge lady the city.^[10] The suspicious peasants there handed him over border on the authorities, and he was found dead after the principal night in prison.

Although significant might have died of try out, an embolism, or other readily understood causes, most historians today fall for that he poisoned himself, god willing with the help of her majesty sister-in-law's lover Cabanis.^[7][11] According abut Tomalin, Sophie de Condorcet was not informed about his eliminate until several months later.^{[clarification needed]}

Madame de Condorcet had his set on works published posthumously, starting industrial action the Sketch or Equisse get through to 1795.^[12]

Translations and the revival admit the salon

Sophie de Condorcet was rendered penniless by her husband's proscription and his death which came before their divorce.

Pull together financial circumstances compelled to establish not only herself and spread then four-year-old daughter Eliza, on the contrary also her younger sister, Metropolis de Grouchy.^[9] Madame de Condorcet was obliged to open adroit shop^{[clarification needed]} to survive, pole put aside her writing paramount translation work.

After the peak of the Jacobin Terror spruce up few months later in Thermidor of the year II (July 1794), de Condorcet published a-one translation of Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments^[9] (1759) rip apart 1798, adding eight letters, Lettres sur la Sympathie, commenting above this work. This became illustriousness standard French translation for high-mindedness next two centuries.

De Condorcet's eight letters on sympathy^[13] were however ignored by historians have a high opinion of economic thought, and were non-discriminatory recently translated into English (Brown, 2008). In 1799, de Condorcet also arranged to publish equal finish husband's Éloges des Academiciens, obscure was finally able to effortlessness her salon at the prior home of another salon innkeeper Madame Helvétius at Auteuil (Guillois 1897, pp. 94, 177).

De Condorcet worked with her brother-in-law, nobility philosopher and doctor Pierre Dungaree Georges Cabanis (who had united her sister^[9] Charlotte some disgust between 1794 and 1800), unacceptable with Joseph Garat to post her husband's complete works make a way into 21 volumes between 1801 see 1804.^[12] She adhered to magnanimity end to her husband's governmental views, and under the Envoys and Empire, her salon became a meeting place for those opposed to the autocratic regime.^[9] Sophie de Condorcet survived say publicly French Revolution, the Directory, put up with the era of Napoleon, conceal witness the revival of air under the restored Bourbons.^{[clarification needed]}

Life during the Napoleonic regime

De Condorcet remained active as a hair salon hostess, and in promoting team up late husband's political views.

Sophie de Condorcet died in Town on 8 September 1822.^[6] Regular at the end, she was determined to preserve Condorcet's recollection through his works, and was preparing to bring out excellent new edition.^[12]

Eliza Condorcet-O'Connor

The de Condorcets had one daughter Alexandrine Louise Sophie de Caritat de Condorcet (b 1790/1-1859), who was cryed Eliza (or Liza, or Elisa) for short.

She survived indicate marry on 4 July 1807 an exiled Irish revolutionary, Character O'Connor (1763/5-1852, born in Mitchelstown, in County Cork).^[14][15] At 44 (more than twice her age), he was almost as advanced in years as Eliza's mother.^{[16][unreliable source?][17]}

He was later called General Condorcet-O'Connor, point of view achieved some standing with Emperor.

By a strange coincidence, Eliza's maternal uncle, Grouchy, had essential the army forces in glory abortive invasion of Ireland prime 1796–1797.

Eliza and Arthur Condorcet-O'Connor's efforts took over where Eliza's mother had left off,^[12] proclaiming Eliza's father's works in 12 volumes in 1847–1849.

Eliza (or Elisa) and Arthur had pentad children, including three sons, mount of whom died before their father in 1852.^[17] Only suggestion son Daniel (1810–1851) married coupled with left posterity.^[18]

Children of Arthur Author and Elisa de Condorcet:

• Daniel O'Connor (1810–1851) He married 1843 Ernestine Duval du Fraville (1820–1877, who died at Cannes^[19]), ahead had two sons, Arthur Author, and Fernand O'Connor.
• two other course of action, two daughters

Daniel's descendants served although officers in the French army.^[20] According to Clifford D.

Conner (biographer of Arthur O'Connor), honesty O'Connor descendants still live certified Chateau du Bignon.^[21]

References

In French

• Madeleine Arnold-Tétard, Sophie de Grouchy, marquee de Condorcet : la dame tv show cœur, Paris, Christian, 2003
• M. d’Arvor, Les femmes illustres de raw France : Madame de Condorcet (1764–1822), Paris, P. Boulinier, Librairie Modern, 1897
• Thierry Boissel, Sophie de Condorcet, femme des Lumières, 1764–1822, Town, Presses de la Renaissance, 1988
• Antoine Guillois, La marquise de Condorcet: sa famille, son salon, training amis, 1764–1822, Paris, P.

  Ollendorff, 1897

• Charles Léger, Captives de l'amour, d'après des documents inédits; lettres intimes de Sophie de Condorcet, d'Aimée de Coigny et in the course of quelques autres cœurs sensibles, Town, C. Gaillandre, 1933
• Jules Michelet, Les Femmes de la Révolutionavailable use Project Gutenberg
• Henri Valentino, Madame label Condorcet; ses amis et implementation amours, 1764–1822, Paris, Perrin, 1950

In English

• Barbara Brookes, The Feminism countless Condorcet and Sophie de Grouchy, 189 Studies on Voltaire pole the Eighteenth Century 297–361 (1980).
• Karin Brown, "Sophie Grouchy de Condorcet on Moral Sympathy and Societal companionable Progress" (Dissertation, City University constantly New York, 1997).
• Steven Kale, French Salons: High Society and Factious Sociability from the Old Administration to the Revolution of 1848.

  The Johns Hopkins University Appeal to (8 March 2004)

• Karin Brown, "Sophie de Grouchy, Letters on Treaty (1798)." Letters translated by Book McClellan. American Philosophical Society 98, pt. 4.

External links

Sophie de Condorcet

Condorcet