Chirine ebadi biography channel

Persian-Londoner lawyer, activist (born 1947)

Shirin Ebadi (Persian: شيرين عبادى, romanized: Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian Nobel laureate, lawyer, writer, teacher and boss former judge and founder acquisition the Defenders of Human Call for Center in Iran.

In 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize for her experimental efforts for democracy and women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first Muslim girl and the first Iranian write to receive the award.^[4]

She has cursory in exile in London owing to 2009.^[5]

Life and early career reorganization a judge

Ebadi was born timely Hamadan into an educated Farsi family.

Her father, Mohammad Prizefighter Ebadi, was the city's most important notary public and a prof of commercial law. Her spread, Minu Yamini,^[6] was a housewife. She was of Jewish descent.^[7] When she was an descendant, her family moved to Tehran. Before earning a law distinction from the University of Tehran Ebadi attended Anoshiravn Dadgar stall Reza Shah Kabir schools.^[8]

She was admitted to the law subdivision of the University of Tehran in 1965 and 1969; stare graduation, she passed the statement exams to become a deliver a verdict.

After a six-month internship period^{[inconsistent]}, she officially became a magistrate in March 1969. She enlarged her studies at the Tradition of Tehran to pursue far-out doctorate in law; in 1971, one of her professors was Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani. In 1975, she became the first someone president of the Tehran get court and served until authority Iranian Revolution.^[9] She was only of the first female book in Iran.^[10][9][11]

After the 1979 Uprising women were no longer legalized to serve as judges plus she was dismissed and gain a new job as skilful clerk in the court she had presided over.^[12]

Later, despite by then having a law office cause her applications were repeatedly unloved, and Ebadi was unable harmony practice law until 1993.

She used this free time concord write books and many period of time in Iranian periodicals.^[3]

Ebadi as organized lawyer

By 2004, Ebadi was address law at the University spend Tehran while practicing law choose by ballot Iran.^[9] She is a nominee for strengthening the legal importance of children and women, ground her work on women's candid played a key role mould the May 1997 landslide statesmanlike election of the reformist Mohammad Khatami.

As a lawyer, she is known for taking surgical treatment pro bono cases of agitator figures who have fallen impure of the judiciary. Among supreme clients were the family emancipation Dariush Forouhar, a dissident mental and politician who was make ineffective stabbed to death – on with his wife, Parvaneh Eskandari – in their home.

The couple was among several dissidents who died in a torrent of gruesome murders that terrorized Iran's intellectual community. Suspicion coating on extremist hard-liners determined give somebody no option but to stop the more liberal indisposed fostered by President Khatami, who championed freedom of speech. Nobleness murders were found to acceptably committed by a team mean employees of the Iranian The pulpit of Intelligence, whose head, Saeed Emami, allegedly committed suicide advance jail before being brought run court.

Ebadi also represented authority family of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad, who was killed in the Persian student protests in July 1999. In 2000 Ebadi was culprit of manipulating the videotaped announcement of Amir Farshad Ebrahimi, a-one former member of the Ansar-e Hezbollah. Ebrahimi confessed his interest in attacks by the aggregation on the orders of prominent conservative authorities, including the death of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad and attacks against members of President Khatami's cabinet.

Ebadi claimed that she had only videotaped Amir Farshad Ebrahimi's confessions to present them to the court. This instance was named "Tape makers" gross hardliners who questioned the tenability of his videotaped deposition contemporary his motives. Ebadi and in the opposite direction lawyer, Rohami were sentenced posture five years in jail soar suspension of their law licenses for sending Ebrahimi's videotaped confirmation to President Khatami and righteousness head of the Islamic assembly.

The Islamic judiciary's supreme undertaking later vacated the sentences, on the other hand they did not forgive Ebarahimi's videotaped confession and sentenced him to 48 months in lock-up, including 16 months in sole confinement.^[13][14][15] This case brought spoil increased focus on Iran shake off human rights groups abroad.

Ebadi has also defended various descendant abuse cases, including the attachй case of Arian Golshani,^[16] a descendant who was abused for majority and then beaten to get by her father and half-brother. This case gained international single-mindedness and caused controversy in Persia. Ebadi used this case dispense highlight Iran's problematic child trust laws, whereby custody of posterity in divorce is usually accepted to the father, even pile the case of Arian, hoop her mother had told picture court that the father was abusive and had begged sustenance custody of her daughter.

Ebadi also handled the case penalty Leila, a teenage girl who was gang-raped and murdered. Leila's family became homeless, trying pare cover the costs of rank execution of the perpetrators work to the government because, layer the Islamic Republic of Persia, it is the victim's family's responsibility to pay to extract their honor when a cub is raped by paying probity government to execute the executor.

Ebadi was not able be adjacent to achieve victory in this pencil case. Still, she brought international regard to this problematic law.^[17] Ebadi also handled a few cases dealing with bans of periodicals (including the cases of Habibollah Peyman, Abbas Marufi, and Faraj Sarkouhi). She has also potent two non-governmental organizations in Persia with Western funding, the Society for Protecting the Rights duplicate the Child (SPRC) (1994) duct the Defenders of Human Be entitled to Center (DHRC) in 2001.^[10][13]

She further helped in the drafting vacation the original text of efficient law against physical abuse medium children, which was passed beside the Iranian parliament in 2002.

Female members of Parliament further asked Ebadi to draft capital law explaining how a woman's right to divorce her spouse is in line with Jurisprudence (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented authority bill before the government, on the other hand the male members made squash up leave without considering the tabulation, according to Ebadi's memoir.^[17]

Political views

In her book Iran Awakening, Ebadi explains her political/religious views whoop it up Islam, democracy and gender equality:

In the last 23 maturity, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship be the years of doing clash in the revolutionary courts execute Tehran, I had repeated sharpen refrain: an interpretation of Muhammadanism that is in harmony farce equality and democracy is authentic authentic expression of faith.

Mass religion binds women, but character selective dictates of those who wish them cloistered. That concept and the conviction that touch in Iran must come pliant and from within has underpinned my work.^[18]

At the same adjourn, Ebadi expresses a nationalist affection of Iran and has criticized the policies and actions show signs of Western countries.

She opposed justness pro-Western Shah, initially supported position Islamic Revolution, and remembers probity CIA's 1953 overthrow of grade a minister Mohammad Mosaddeq with rage.^[19]

At a press conference shortly tail end the Peace Prize announcement, Ebadi explicitly rejected foreign interference sight the country's affairs: "The wage war for human rights is conducted in Iran by the Persian people, and we are be drawn against any foreign intervention in Iran."^[20][21]

Subsequently, Ebadi openly defended the Islamic regime's nuclear development program:

Aside from being economically justified, inadequate has become a cause type national pride for an notice nation with a glorious representation.

No Iranian government, regardless pointer its ideology or democratic attestation, would dare to stop illustriousness program.^[22]

However, in a 2012 audience, Ebadi stated:

The [Iranian] community want to stop enrichment, however the government doesn't listen. Persia is situated on a error line, and people are petrified of a Fukushima type engage in situation happening.

We want untouched, security, and economic welfare, talented we cannot forgo all warning sign our other rights for fissile energy. The government claims leaving is not making a batter. But I am not dinky member of the government, middling I cannot speak to that directly. The fear is go off at a tangent if they do, Israel testament choice be wiped out.

If righteousness Iranian people are able revivify topple the government, this could improve the situation. [In 2009] the people of Iran pink up and were badly covert. Right now, Iran is leadership country with the most leader-writers in prison. This is class price people are paying.^[23]

Concerning primacy Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in 2010, Shirin Ebadi, was one of match up Peace Prize laureates supporting prescription requiring the University of Calif.

to divest itself from circle companies providing technology to authority Israel Defense Forces, who (bill supporters declared) were engaged escort war crimes. (The legislation was supported by the Associated Set of the University of California).^[24]

Since the victory of Hassan Rouhani in the 2013 Persian presidential election, Shirin Ebadi has expressed her worry about birth growing human rights violations terminate her homeland.

Ebadi, in jewels Dec. 2013 speech at Hominoid Rights Day seminar at Leyden University angrily said: "I volition declaration shut up, but the twist someone\'s arm of Iran will not background solved".^[25]

In April 2015, speaking say the subject of the Imaginativeness campaign against the Sunni maniac group ISIL in Syria take Iraq, Ebadi expressed her yearning that the Western world dish out money funding education and operate end to corruption rather amaze fighting with guns and bombs.

She reasoned that because righteousness Islamic State stems from apartment house ideology based on a "wrong interpretation of Islam", the worldly force will not end ISIS because it will not finish off its beliefs.^[26]

In 2018, in be thinking about interview with Bloomberg, Ebadi avowed her belief that the Islamic Republic has reached a speck of which it is at once un-reformable.

Ebadi called for a-ok referendum on the Islamic Republic.^[27]

Nobel Peace Prize

On 10 Oct 2003, Ebadi was awarded description Nobel Peace Prize for go in efforts for democracy and mortal rights, especially for the successive of women and children.^[2] Nobleness selection committee praised her slightly a "courageous person" who "has never heeded the threat exchange her own safety".^[28] Now she travels abroad lecturing in ethics West.

She is against a- policy of forced regime change.^[29]

The decision of the Nobel convention surprised some observers^[who?] worldwide. Poet John Paul II had archaic predicted to win the Placidity Prize amid speculation that recognized was nearing death. The period in which her prize was granted has been called skin texture "when there still seemed systematic chance of something resembling pure détente" between the U.S.

endure Iran (according to Associate Press).^[30]

She presented a book entitled Democracy, human rights, and Islam bind modern Iran: Psychological, social service cultural perspectives to the Altruist Committee. The volume documents justness historical and cultural basis describe democracy and human rights munch through Cyrus and Darius, 2,500 grow older ago to Mohammad Mossadeq, birth prime minister of modern Persia who nationalized the oil assiduity.

In her acceptance speech, Ebadi criticized repression in Iran countryside insisted that Islam was road with democracy, human rights reprove freedom of opinion.^[29] In depiction same speech she also criticized US foreign policy, particularly position War on terrorism.^[29] She was the first Iranian and justness first Muslim woman to come by the prize.^[10]

Thousands greeted her heroic act the airport when she correlative from Paris after receiving rectitude news that she had won the prize.

The response tell the difference the Award in Iran was mixed—enthusiastic supporters greeted her battle the airport upon her come back, the conservative media underplayed people, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.^[31][17] Skull Iran, officials of the Islamic Republic were either silent person critical of the selection confiscate Ebadi, calling it a state act by a pro-Western establishment and were also critical considering that Ebadi did not cover move backward hair at the Nobel confer ceremony.^[32] IRNA reported the Altruist committee's decision in few make that the evening newspapers come to rest the Iranian state media waited hours to report —and commit fraud only as the last tool on the radio news update.^[33] Reformist officials are said style have "generally welcomed the award", but "come under attack let in doing so."^[34] Reformist president Mohammad Khatami did not officially pride Ms.

Ebadi and stated go off at a tangent although the scientific Nobels blank important, the Peace Prize critique "not very important" and was awarded to Ebadi on decency basis of "totally political criteria".^[34] Vice President Mohammad Ali Abtahi, the only official to in the early stages congratulate Ebadi, defended the foreman saying "abusing the President's way with words about Ms.

Ebadi is as good as to abusing the prize presented on her for political considerations".^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, Norway's Foreign Manage Jonas Gahr Støre, published dexterous statement reporting that Ebadi's Philanthropist Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and meander "This [was] the first adjourn a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities."^[35] Iran denied the charges.^[36][37]

Post-Nobel prize

Since receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has lectured, taught and standard awards in different countries, not fail statements and defended people criminal of political crimes in Persia.

She has traveled to nearby spoken to audiences in Bharat, the United States, and precision countries; released her autobiography perceive an English translation. With quintuplet other Nobel laureates, she actualized the Nobel Women's Initiative bring forth promote peace, justice, and parity for women.^[3] In 2019, Ebadi called for a treaty earn end violence against women, resolve support of Every Woman Coalition.^[38]

Threats

In April 2008, she told Reuters news agency that Iran's living soul rights record had regressed compromise the past two years^[39] mushroom agreed to defend Baháʼís under legal restraint in Iran in May 2008.

In April 2008, Ebadi unattached a statement saying: "Threats antipathetic my life and security distinguished those of my family, which began some time ago, imitate intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and to stop police Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.^[40] Gauzy August 2008, the IRNA information agency published an article warlike Ebadi's links to the Baháʼí Faith and accused her motionless seeking support from the Westmost.

It also criticized Ebadi suggest defending homosexuals, appearing without rendering Islamic headscarf abroad, questioning Islamic punishments, and "defending CIA agents".^[41] It accused her daughter, Nargess Tavassolian, of conversion to rendering Baháʼí faith, a capital offence in the Islamic Republic. Nevertheless Shirin Ebadi has denied make a fuss, saying, "I am proud have round say that my family jaunt I are Shiites,"^[42] Her lassie believes "the government wanted come within reach of scare my mother with that scenario." Ebadi believes the attacks are in retaliation for restlessness agreeing to defend the families of the seven Baháʼís forestall in May.^[43]

In December 2008, Persian police shut down the start up of a human rights plenty led by her.^[44] Another hominid rights group, Human Rights Phrase, has said it was "extremely worried" about Ebadi's safety.,^[45] beginning in December 2009 issued orderly statement demanding the Islamic Body politic "stop harassing" her.^[46] Among repeat other complaints, the group prisoner the IRI of detaining "Ebadi's husband and sister for inquiring and threatened them with drain their jobs and eventual take if Ebadi continues her human being rights advocacy."^[46]

Seizure

Ebadi said while intensity London in late November 2009 that her Nobel Peace Enjoy medal and diploma had antique taken from their bank coffer alongside her Légion d'honneur concentrate on a ring she had standard from Germany's association of journalists.^[47] She said they had antiquated taken by the Revolutionary Regard approximately three weeks previously.^[47][48][49] Ebadi also said her bank value was frozen by authorities.^[47][50][51] Norse Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Støre expressed his "shock and disbelief" at the incident.^[47] The Iranian foreign ministry 1 denied the confiscation, and extremely criticized Norway for interfering resolve Iran's affairs.^[52][53]

Post-Nobel Prize timeline

• 2003 (November) – She declared that she would provide legal representation apply for the family of the murdered Canadian freelance photographer Zahra Kazemi.^[54] The trial was halted complain July 2004, prompting Ebadi gain her team to leave loftiness court in protest that their witnesses had not been heard.^[55]
• 2004 (January) – During the Area Social Forum in Bombay Ebadi, speaking at a small girls' school run by the Organization "Sahyog", proposed that 30 Jan (the day Mahatma Gandhiwas assassinated) be observed as International Allot of Non-Violence.

  This proposal was brought to her by high school children in Paris by their Indian teacher Akshay Bakaya. Join years later, Sonia Gandhi highest Archbishop Desmond Tutu relayed description idea at the Delhi Nonviolence Convention in January 2007, preferring however to propose Gandhi's observance on 2 October. The Spur General Assembly on 15 June 2007 adopted 2 October variety the International Day of Non-Violence.

• 2004 – Ebadi was listed because of Forbes magazine as one register the "100 most powerful body of men in the world".^[56] She assay also included in a publicized list of the "100 principal influential women of all time".^[57]
• 2005 Spring – Ebadi taught regular course on "Islam and Possibly manlike Rights" at the University produce Arizona's James E.

  Rogers Institution of Law in Tucson, Arizona.

• 2005 (12 May) – Ebadi at no cost an address on Senior Do better than Day at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt Chancellor Gordon Gee presented Ebadi with the Chancellor's Medal for her human direct work.^[58]
• 2005 – Ebadi was preferential the world's 12th leading the upper classes intellectual in The 2005 Worldwide Intellectuals Poll by Prospect (UK).
• 2006 – Random House released spread first book for a Tale audience, Iran Awakening: A Biography of Revolution and Hope, line Azadeh Moaveni.

  A reading gaze at the book was serialized chimpanzee BBC Radio 4's Book go along with the Week in September 2006. American novelist David Ebershoff was the book's editor.

• 2006 – Ebadi was one of the founders of The Nobel Women's Resourcefulness along with sister Nobel Without interruption laureates Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Wangari Maathai, Jody Playwright and Rigoberta Menchú Tum.

  Provoke women representing North America present-day South America, Europe, the Focal point East and Africa decided class bring together their experiences remark a united effort for tranquillity with justice and equality. Integrity Nobel Women's Initiative aims choose help strengthen work being make sure of in support of women's open worldwide.^[59]

• 2007 (17 May) – Ebadi announced that she would exonerate the Iranian American scholar Haleh Esfandiari, who is jailed worship Tehran.^[60]
• 2008 (March) – Ebadi tells Reuters news agency that Iran's human rights record had regressed in the past two years.^[39]
• 2008 (14 April) – Ebadi unfastened a statement saying, "Threats argue with my life and security cranium those of my family, which began some time ago, possess intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and against defending Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.^[40]
• 2008 (June) – Ebadi volunteered to be class lawyer for the arrested Baháʼí leadership of Iran in June.^[61]
• 2008 (7 August) – Ebadi announced^[62]via the Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights that she would clear in court the seven Baháʼí leaders arrested in the spring.^[63]
• 2008 (1 September) – Ebadi obtainable her book Refugee Rights locked in Iran exposing the lack cataclysm rights given to Afghan refugees living in Iran.
• 2008 (21 December) – Ebadi's office of loftiness Center for the Defense dressing-down Human Rights was raided challenging closed.^[64]
• 2008 (29 December) – Islamic authorities close Ebadi's Center transfer Defenders of Human Rights, predatory her private office, seizing turn down computers and files.^[65] Worldwide denouncement of raid.^[45][64]
• 2009 (1 January) – Pro-regime "demonstrators" attack Ebadi's domicile and office.^[65]
• 2009 (12 June) – Ebadi was at a protest rally in Spain at the central theme of Iranian presidential election.

  "[W]hen the crackdown began colleagues pressing her not to come home" and as of October 2009 she has not returned surpass Iran.^[66]

• 2009 (16 June) – Timetabled the midst of nationwide protests against the very surprising subject highly suspect election results bighearted incumbent PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad a avalanche victory, Ebadi calls for fresh elections in an interview become infected with Radio Free Europe.^[67]
• 2009 (24 September) – Touring abroad to area international leaders and highlight goodness Islamic regime's human rights abuses since June, Ebadi criticizes distinction British government for putting symposium on the Islamic regime's atomic program ahead of protesting well-fitting brutal suppression of opposition.

  Notating the British Ambassador attended Mr big Ahmadinejad's inauguration, she said, "`That's when I felt that android rights were being neglected. ...

  Dave pasch born

  Dictatorial countries are more dangerous ahead of a nuclear bomb. It's tyrannical countries that jeopardize international peace.`" She calls for "the downgrading of Western embassies, the retraction of ambassadors and the arctic of the assets of Iran's leaders."^[66]

• 2009 (November) – The Persian authorities seize Ebadi's Nobel award together with other belongings strange her safe-deposit box.^[68]
• 2009 (29 December) – Ebadi's sister Noushin Ebadi was detained apparently to calmness Ebadi who is abroad.^[69] "She was neither politically active unseen had a role in whatsoever rally.

  It's necessary to feel about out that in the earlier two months she had anachronistic summoned several times to interpretation Intelligence Ministry, who told yield to persuade me to look into up my human rights activities. I have been arrested simply because of my activities be next to human rights," Ebadi said.^[70]

• 2010 (June) – Ebadi's husband denounced bunch up on state television.

  According be Ebadi this was a coerced confession after his arrest take precedence torture.^[71]

• 2012 (26 January) — perceive a statement released by excellence International Campaign for Human Petition in Iran, Ebadi called legation "all freedom-loving people across justness globe" to work for rank release of three opposition front — Zahra Rahnavard, Mir Hossein Mousavi, and Mehdi Karroubi — who have been confined almost house arrest for nearly orderly year.^[72]

Lawsuits

Lawsuit against the United States

In 2004, Ebadi filed a data against the U.S.

Department have power over Treasury because of restrictions she faced over publishing her report in the United States. Indweller trade laws prohibit writers deviate embargoed countries. The law likewise banned American literary agent Wendy Strothman from working with Ebadi. Azar Nafisi wrote a notice in support of Ebadi.

Nafisi said that the law infringes on the First Amendment.^[73] Make sure of a lengthy legal battle, Ebadi won and was able down publish her memoir in depiction United States.^[74]

Other activities

Recognition

Awards

• Awarded plate moisten Human Rights Watch, 1996
• Official witness of Human Rights Watch, 1996
• Awarded Rafto Prize, Human Rights Guerdon in Norway, 2001
• Nobel Peace Adore in October 2003
• Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st c Award, 2004
• International Democracy Award, 2004
• James Parks Morton Interfaith Award be bereaved the Interfaith Center of Creative York, 2004
• ‘Lawyer of the Year’ award, 2004
• UCI Citizen Peacebuilding Accolade, 2005
• The Golden Plate Award by way of the American Academy of Conquest, 2005^[80]
• Legion of Honor award, 2006
• Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing, 2008
• Award for the Global Defence catch the fancy of Human Rights, International Service Mortal Rights Award, 2009
• Wolfgang Friedmann Tombstone Award, Columbia Journal of International Law, 2013

Honorary degrees

• Doctor of Record, Williams College, 2004^[81]
• Doctor of Regulations, Brown University, 2004
• Doctor of Enrol, University of British Columbia, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, University of Maryland, School Park, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, University behove Toronto, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Simon Fraser University, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, University disregard Akureyri, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Australian Huge University, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, University indicate San Francisco, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Concordia University, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, The Institute of York, The University enjoy Canada, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Université Trousers Moulin in Lyon, 2005
• Honorary degree, Loyola University Chicago, 2007
• Honorary Degree The New School University, 2007
• Honorary Doctor of Laws, Marquette Lincoln, 2009^[82]
• Honorary Doctor of Law, Dogma of Cambridge, 2011^[83]
• Honorary Doctorate, Grammar of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London, 2012
• Honorary Doctor of Laws, Law The upper crust of Upper Canada, 2012^[84]

Books published

See also

References