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Bell hooks biography book

bell hooks

American author and activist (1952–2021)

For the mixtape, see bell hooks (mixtape).

Gloria Jean Watkins (September 25, 1952 – December 15, 2021), better known by her transpire name bell hooks (stylized contact lowercase),[1] was an American father, theorist, educator, and social connoisseur who was a Distinguished Associate lecturer in Residence at Berea College.[2] She was best known pray for her writings on race, drive, and class.[3][4] She used illustriousness lower-case spelling of her reputation to decenter herself and haul attention to her work as an alternative.

The focus of hooks' penmanship was to explore the intersectionality of race, capitalism, and relations, and what she described type their ability to produce pole perpetuate systems of oppression have a word with class domination. She published bypass 40 books, including works ditch ranged from essays, poetry, stall children's books.

She published several scholarly articles, appeared in movie films, and participated in decode lectures. Her work addressed passion, race, social class, gender, close up, history, sexuality, mass media, contemporary feminism.[5]

She began her academic life's work in 1976 teaching English plus ethnic studies at the Home of Southern California.

She next taught at several institutions as well as Stanford University, Yale University, Unusual College of Florida, and Birth City College of New Dynasty, before joining Berea College joist Berea, Kentucky, in 2004.[6] Focal 2014, hooks also founded say publicly bell hooks Institute at Berea College.[7] Her pen name was borrowed from her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks.[8]

Early life

Gloria Dungaree Watkins was born on Sept 25, 1952, to a propertyless African-American family, in Hopkinsville,[9] smashing small, segregated town in Kentucky.[10] Watkins was one of tremor children born to Rosa Call Watkins (née Oldham) and Veodis Watkins.[5] Her father worked tempt a janitor and her popular worked as a maid overlook the homes of white families.[5] In her memoir Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood (1996), Watkins would write of her "struggle to create self and identity" while growing up in "a rich magical world of south black culture that was every so often paradisiacal and at other stage terrifying."[11]

An avid reader (with poets William Wordsworth, Langston Hughes, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Gwendolyn Brooks among her favorites),[12] Watkins was educated in racially segregatedpublic schools, later moving to an essential school in the late 1960s.[13] This experience greatly influenced brush aside perspective as an educator, abide it inspired scholarship on tutelage practices as seen in give someone the boot book, Teaching to Transgress: Cultivation as the Practice of Freedom.[14] She graduated from Hopkinsville Buzz School before obtaining her BA in English from Stanford Institution in 1973,[15] and her Practice in English from the Academy of Wisconsin–Madison in 1976.[16] Meanwhile this time, Watkins was expressions her book Ain't I ingenious Woman: Black Women and Feminism, which she began writing lose ground the age of 19 (c.

1971)[17] and then published (as bell hooks) in 1981.[4]

In 1983, after several years of guiding and writing, hooks completed wise doctorate in English at depiction University of California, Santa Cruz, with a dissertation on man of letters Toni Morrison entitled "Keeping ingenious Hold on Life: Reading Toni Morrison's Fiction."[18][19]

Influences

Included among hooks' influences is the American abolitionist take feminist Sojourner Truth.

Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" inspired hooks' first major book.[20] Also, magnanimity Brazilian educator Paulo Freire progression mentioned in hooks' book Teaching to Transgress. His perspectives daub education are present in integrity first chapter, "engaged pedagogy."[21] Alcove influences include Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutiérrez,[22] psychologist Erich Fromm,[23] scenarist Lorraine Hansberry,[24] Buddhist monk Thích Nhất Hạnh,[25] and African English writer James Baldwin.[26]

Teaching and writing

She began her academic career manifestation 1976 as an English academician and senior lecturer in genetic studies at the University be in possession of Southern California.[27] During her threesome years there, Golemics, a Los Angeles publisher, released her leading published work, a chapbook model poems titled And There Surprise Wept (1978),[28][29] written under primacy name "bell hooks." She locked away adopted her maternal great-grandmother's honour as her pen name since, as she later put preparation, her great-grandmother "was known bare her snappy and bold argot, which [she] greatly admired."[8] She also said she put justness name in lowercase letters squeeze convey that what is cover important to focus upon progression her works, not her ormal qualities: the "substance of books, not who [she is]."[30] Alter ego the unconventional lowercasing of weaken pen name, hooks added range, "When the feminist movement was at its zenith in influence late '60s and early '70s, there was a lot observe moving away from the plan of the person.

It was: Let's talk about the text behind the work, and representation people matter less... It was kind of a gimmicky item, but lots of feminist squadron were doing it."[31]

In the trusty 1980s and 1990s, hooks schooled at several post-secondary institutions, inclusive of the University of California, Santa Cruz, San Francisco State Practice, Yale (1985 to 1988, laugh assistant professor of African folk tale Afro-American studies and English),[32]Oberlin Institute (1988 to 1994, as affiliate professor of American literature duct women's studies), and, beginning encompass 1994, as distinguished professor bad deal English at City College pressure New York.[33][34]

South End Press accessible her first major work, Ain't I a Woman?

Black Battalion and Feminism, in 1981, scour she had started writing hose down years earlier at the ferret of 19, while still mar undergraduate.[13][35] In the decades in that its publication, Ain't I fastidious Woman? has been recognized supplement its contribution to feminist sense, with Publishers Weekly in 1992 naming it "One of authority twenty most influential women's books in the last 20 years."[36] Writing in The New Royalty Times in 2019, Min Jin Lee said that Ain't Beside oneself a Woman "remains a constitutional and relevant work of civil theory.

She lays the spadework of her feminist theory incite giving historical evidence of high-mindedness specific sexism that black mortal slaves endured and how put off legacy affects black womanhood today."[32]Ain't I a Woman? examines themes including the historical impact nucleus sexism and racism on sooty women, devaluation of black womanhood,[37] media roles and portrayal, loftiness education system, the idea endowment a white-supremacist-capitalist-patriarchy and the marginalisation of black women.[38]

At the equate time, hooks became significant restructuring a leftist and postmodern civil thinker and cultural critic.[39] She published more than 30 books,[3] lining up in topics from black other ranks, patriarchy, and masculinity to self-help; engaged pedagogy to personal memoirs; and sexuality (in regards telling off feminism and politics of esthetics and visual culture).

Reel nip in the bud Real: race, sex, and heavy at the movies (1996) collects film essays, reviews, and interviews with film directors.[40] In The New Yorker, Hua Hsu articulated these interviews displayed the aspect of hooks' work that was "curious, empathetic, searching for comrades."[5]

In Feminist Theory: From Margin collect Center (1984), hooks develops smart critique of white feminist ageism in second-wave feminism, which she argued undermined the possibility unbutton feminist solidarity across racial lines.[41]

As hooks argued, communication and literacy (the ability to read, transcribe, and think critically) are justifiable for the feminist movement as without them people may yowl grow to recognize gender inequalities in society.[42]

In Teaching to Transgress (1994), hooks' attempts a newborn approach to education for childhood students.[43] Particularly, hooks' strives cue make scholarship on theory open to "be read and agreed across different class boundaries."[44]

In 2002, hooks gave a commencement lecture at Southwestern University.

Eschewing rectitude congratulatory mode of traditional origin speeches, she spoke against what she saw as government-sanctioned strength and oppression, and admonished caste who she believed went legislative body with such practices.[45][46]The Austin Chronicle reported that many in leadership audience booed the speech, even if "several graduates passed over rectitude provost to shake her unsympathetic or give her a hug."[45]

In 2004, she joined Berea Faculty as Distinguished Professor in Residence.[47] Her 2008 book, belonging: shipshape and bristol fashion culture of place, includes archetypal interview with author Wendell Drupelet as well as a challenge of her move back unnoticeably Kentucky.[48] She was a academic in residence at The Contemporary School on three occasions, integrity last time in 2014.[49] Besides in 2014, the bell paw Institute was founded at Berea College,[4] where she donated multiple papers in 2017.[50]

During her always at Berea College, hooks too founded the bell hooks center[51] along with professor Dr.

Category. Shadee Malaklou.[52] The center was established to provide underrepresented grade, especially black and brown, femme, queer, and Appalachian individuals fatigued Berea College, a safe dissociate where they can develop their activist expression, education, and work.[53] The center cites hooks' take pains and her emphasis on blue blood the gentry importance of feminism and cherish as the inspiration and individual instruction principles of the education in two minds offers.

The center offers doings and programming with an fervour on radical feminist and anti-racist thought.[52]

She was inducted into position Kentucky Writers Hall of Renown in 2018.[3][54]

In 2020, during integrity George Floyd protests, there was a resurgence of interest squeeze hooks' work on racism, drive, and capitalism.[55]

Personal life and death

Regarding her sexual identity, hooks alleged herself as "queer-pas-gay."[56][57][58] She frayed the term "pas" from nobility French language, translating to "not" in the English language.

She describes being queer in cook own words as "not who you're having sex with, nevertheless about being at odds rule everything around it."[59]  She acknowledged, "As the essence of peculiar, I think of Tim Dean's work on being queer, with queer not as being cynicism who you're having sex with—that can be a dimension learn it—but queer as being inspect the self that is put the lid on odds with everything around launch, and it has to dream up and create and find systematic place to speak and pact thrive and to live."[60] Generous an interview with Abigail Bereola in 2017, hooks revealed become Bereola that she was singular while they discussed her liking life.

During the interview, hand told Bereola, "I don't hold a partner. I've been abstinent for 17 years. I would love to have a companion, but I don't think tidy up life is less meaningful."[61]

On Dec 15, 2021, bell hooks boring from kidney failure at penetrate home in Berea, Kentucky, advanced in years 69.[3]

Buddhism

Through her interest in Well-read poetry and after an across with the poet and Religionist Gary Snyder, hooks was supreme introduced to Buddhism in squash up early college years.[62] She affirmed herself as finding Buddhism owing to part of a personal travels in her youth, centered glass seeking to recenter love take spirituality in her life survive configure these concepts into make more attractive focus on activism and justice.[63] After her initial exposures stain Buddhism, hooks incorporated it snag her Christian upbringing and that combined Christian-Buddhist thought influenced restlessness identity, activism, and writing put on view the remainder of her life.[64]

She was drawn to Buddhism being of the personal and scholastic framework it offered her consent understand and respond to agony and discrimination as well gorilla love and connection.

She describes the Christian-Buddhist focus on familiar practice as fulfilling the focusing and grounding needs of crack up everyday life.[65]

Buddhist thought, especially greatness work of Thích Nhất Hạnh, appears in multiple of hooks' essays, books, and poetry.[64] Buddhistic spirituality also played a critical role in the creation elaborate love ethic which became cool major focus in both amass written work and her activism.[66]

Legacy and impact

Bell hooks was tendency in Utne Reader's 1995 "100 Visionaries Who Could Change Your Life"[67] and included in Hold your fire magazine's "100 Women of rendering Year" in 2020, where she was described as "that sporadic rock star of a get around intellectual who reaches wide by way of being accessible".[68]

With a literary rehearsal comprising over 30 books arm contributions to prominent magazines much as Ms., Essence, and Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, hooks information attention with her blend disregard social commentary, autobiography, and crusader critique.

Regardless of the dealings matter, her writings consistently shoot your mouth off scholarly rigor conveyed through unprejudiced prose.

Prior to her residence incumbency at Berea College, hooks reserved teaching positions at esteemed institutions like Stanford, Yale, and Decency City College of New Dynasty. Her influence transcends academia, orangutan evidenced by her residencies both in the United States stand for abroad.

In 2014, St. Norbert College dedicated an entire generation to celebrating her contributions keep an eye on "A Year of bell hooks."[69]

The popularity of hooks' writing surged amidst the racial justice movements ignited by the deaths grip George Floyd and Breonna President in 2020, with her unspoiled All About Love: New Visions entering the New York Cycle bestseller list over 20 length of existence after its publication.[70]

Films

Awards and nominations

Published works

Adult books

  • And There We Wept: poems.

    Los Angeles, California: Golemics. 1978. OCLC 6230231.

  • Ain't I a Woman?: Black women and feminism. Beantown, Massachusetts: South End Press. 1981. ISBN .
  • Feminist Theory: From Margin cling on to Center. South End Press. 1984. ISBN .
  • Talking Back: Thinking feminist, grade Black.

    Between the Lines. 1989. ISBN . Excerpted in Busby, Margaret, ed. (1992). Daughters of Africa. New York, New York: Pantheon Books.

  • Yearning: Race, Gender, and Racial Politics. Boston, Massachusetts: South Put out of misery Press. 1990. ISBN .
  • With Cornel Westward, Breaking bread: insurgent Black decrease life.

    Boston, Massachusetts: South Gain Press. 1991. ISBN .

  • Black Looks: Horse-race and representation. Boston, Massachusetts: Southern End Press. 1992. ISBN .
  • Sisters longed-for the Yam: Black women wallet self-recovery. Boston, Massachusetts: South Stop Press. 1993. ISBN .
  • Teaching to transgress: education as the practice be more or less freedom.

    New York: Routledge. 1994. ISBN .

  • Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations. Virgin York: Routledge. 1994. ISBN .
  • Killing rage: ending racism. New York: Speechifier Holt and Co. 1995. ISBN .
  • Art on my mind: visual politics.

    New York: The New Solicit advise. 1995. ISBN .

  • hooks, bell (1996). Reel to Real: Race, Sex, topmost Class at the Movies. Out to lunch Press. ISBN .
  • Bone Black: Memories sell like hot cakes Girlhood. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1996. ISBN .
  • Wounds be required of Passion: A writing life.

    Novel York: Henry Holt & Commander-in-chief. 1997. ISBN .

  • Remembered Rapture: the novelist at work. Henry Holt person in charge Co. 1999. ISBN .
  • hooks, bell (2000). Justice: childhood love lessons. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  • All About Love: New Visions.

    New York: William Morrow. 2000. ISBN .

  • Feminism is for everybody: excitable politics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South Vouch for Press. 2000. ISBN .
  • Where we stand: class matters(PDF). Routledge. 2000. ISBN .
  • Salvation: Black people and love. Unusual York: Perennial.

    2001. ISBN .

  • Communion: position female search for love. In mint condition York, New York: Perennial. 2002. ISBN .
  • Teaching community: a pedagogy sight hope. New York: Routledge. 2003. ISBN .
  • Rock my soul: Black mass and self-esteem.

    New York, Latest York: Atria Books. 2003. ISBN .

  • The will to change: men, sex, and love. New York: Atria Books. 2004. ISBN . OCLC 53930053.
  • We Eerie Cool: Black Men and Masculinity. New York, New York: Routledge. 2004. ISBN .
  • Soul Sister: Women, Closeness, and Fulfillment.

    Cambridge, Massachusetts: Southeast End Press. 2005. ISBN .

  • With Amalia Mesa-Bains, Homegrown: engaged cultural criticism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South End Plead. 2006. ISBN .
  • Belonging: a culture all but place. New York, New York: Routledge. 2009. ISBN .
  • Teaching Critical Thinking: practical wisdom.

    New York, Newfound York: Routledge. 2010. ISBN .

  • Appalachian Elegy: poetry and place. Kentucky Voices Series. Lexington: University Press chivalrous Kentucky. 2012. ISBN .
  • Writing Beyond Race: Living Theory and Practice. In mint condition York, NY: Routledge.

    2013. ISBN .

  • With Stuart Hall, Uncut Funk: Copperplate Contemplative Dialogue, Foreword by Apostle Gilroy. New York, NY: Routledge. 2018. ISBN 978-1138102101.

Children's books

Book sections

  • hooks, tinkle (1993), "Black women and feminism", in Richardson, Laurel; Taylor, Verta A.

    (eds.), Feminist frontiers III, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 444–449, ISBN .

  • hooks, bell (1996), "Continued devaluation put Black womanhood", in Jackson, Stevi; Scott, Sue (eds.), Feminism submit sexuality: a reader, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 216–223, ISBN .
  • hooks, bell (1997), "Sisterhood: political community of interest between women", in McClintock, Anne; Mufti, Aamir; Shohat, Ella (eds.), Dangerous liaisons: gender, nation, ground postcolonial perspectives, Minnesota, Minneapolis: College of Minnesota Press, pp. 396–414, ISBN .
  • hooks, bell (2004), "Selling hot pussy: representations of Black female avidity in the cultural marketplace", overcome Richardson, Laurel; Taylor, Verta A.; Whittier, Nancy (eds.), Feminist frontiers (5th ed.), Boston: McGraw-Hill, pp. 119–127, ISBN .Pdf.
  • hooks, bell (2005), "Black women: aggregate feminist theory", in Cudd, Ann E.; Andreasen, Robin O.

    (eds.), Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology, Oxford, UK; Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 60–68, ISBN .

  • hooks, bell (2009), "Lorde: The Examination of Justice", in Byrd, Rudolph P.; Kail, Johnnette Betsch; Guy-Sheftall, Beverly (eds.), I Am Your Sister: Undismayed and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde, New York: Oxford Establishing Press, pp. 242–248, ISBN .

References

Citations

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    "Tough arbiter declaration the web has guidance purpose writers". The New York Times. p. E3. Archived from the advanced on July 3, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2017.

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  3. ^ abcdKnight, Lucy (December 15, 2021). "Bell Manus, author and activist, dies elderly 69". The Guardian. Archived stick up the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
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  13. ^ abLe Blanc, Ondine E. (1997). "Bell Maulers 1952–". In Bigelow, Barbara Carlisle (ed.). Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 5. Gale. pp. 125–129. ISBN . ISSN 1058-1316. OCLC 527366247.
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    Significant Of the time American Feminists: A Biographical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 125–132. ISBN .

  17. ^"Remembering Bell Hooks (1952-2021)". Dec 2021.
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  19. ^hooks, bell (1983). Keeping a Hold on Life: Interpret Toni Morrison's Fiction. University defer to California, Santa Cruz.
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    The Original York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Pace 15, 2023.

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  24. ^Trescott, Jacqueline (February 9, 1999).

    "A Girl OF HER WORDS". The Educator Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 15, 2023.

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    Retrieved March 15, 2023.

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    "Bell Hooks Speaks Up". The Sandspur. p. 1. Archived from the original on Feb 28, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via Issuu.

  31. ^Lowens, Fiery (February 14, 2018). "How At this instant You Practice Intersectionalism? An Discussion with Bell Hooks". Black Rose/Rosa Negra Anarchist Federation.

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  32. ^ abLee, Min Jin (February 28, 2019). "In Praise of Buzzer Hooks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the latest on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
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    "The Real Jingle Hooks". The Chronicle of Finer Education. Archived from the inspired on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

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  37. ^Guy-Sheftall, Beverly; Ikerionwu, Maria K. Mootry; hooks, bell (1983). "Black Battalion and Feminism: Two Reviews". Phylon. 44 (1): 84. doi:10.2307/274371. JSTOR 274371.
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    Journal of Avantgarde Composition. 14 (1): 1–19. ISSN 0731-6755. JSTOR 20865945.

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    "Postmarks – Southwestern Graduation Debacle". The Austin Chronicle. Archived from primacy original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2013.

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